Generating retort and burner attached



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GENERATING RETORT AND BURNER ATTACHED.

Patented Apr. 3, 1888.

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(No Model.)

. l 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. W. P. PATTON.

GBNBRATING AAE-Tom AND .BURNER ATTACHED.

Patented Apr. 3, 1888.v

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

W. P. PATTON.

GBNBRATING RBTORT AND BURNER ATTACHED. No. 380,514. Patented Apr. 3,v1888.

UNITED STATES PATENT Ormes.

XVILLIAM I?. PATTON, QF HARRISBURG, PENXSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OFTI-IREE-FOURTHS TO VILLIAM T.

HILDRUP, SR., WILLIAM T. HILDRUP,

JR.,`AND J. HERVEY PATTON, ALL OF SAME PLACE, AND SEYMOUR W. TULLOCK, OFWASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

GENERATINGj-RETORT AND BURNER ATTACHED.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 380,514, dated April 3,1888.

Application filed August 2, 1887.

To all whom t may cmwen:

Beit known that I, WILLIAM l. PAT-TON, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Harrisburg, in the county of Dauphin and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inGenerating- Retorts and Burners Attached; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full7 clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomalte and use the same.

My invention relates to an improvement in generatingretorts and burnersattached to the same, and more particularly to a class of generatorsthat produce the gas as it is consumed for heating or lighting purposes.

The object of my invention is to produce a gasgenerating device that canbe placed in the iire-box of a stationary or movable boiler to generatea gaseous fuel from oil and Water, and that by its combination with aseries of proper burners will afford a means for economicalwater-heating or steam-generation.

A further object is to so combine a series of burners, that are adaptedto consume mixed gas and air,with a gas-generator of novel construction,which produces a fixed gas from oil and water, that the process ofgas-generation will be continuous after it is started, and the gaseousfuel be employed to heat the gas-generator as well as the water in aboiler with which the generator and burners are connected.

A further object is to provide a gaseous-fuel generator which willevolve a fixed gas from oil and water, and be so combined with burnersand a boiler that a gaseous fuel will be supplied to continuegas-generation after it is started, heat water in a boiler to generatesteam for power or heating purposes, and also furnish anilluminating-gas to be used, if desired, to light as well as heat anapartment, either stationary or movable.

A further object is to furnish a compact, ad-

justable, and removable gas-generator and attached burners that may beapplied to general purposes of steam-generation, water-heating,house-warming, or carheating by its use 1n Serial No. 245,94). (Nomodel.)

combination with a suitable boiler, and which, from its simplicity anddurabilityr and peculiarities of form of construction, will beeconomical in use of material for gas-generation and require but a smallexpenditure for mainf tenance in repair.

With these objects in view my invention consists in certain features ofconstruction and combinations of parts, that will be hereinafterdescribed, and pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings making a part of this specification, Figure lis a side elevation in section of one form of the gasgenerating retortwith burners attached, and the necessary feed-pipes shown in connectionwith the retort and its heater-burner. Fig. 2 represents a cross-sectionof the retort illustrated in Fig. l with aero-gaseous burners andburner-connections, as well as the retort heatingburner shown inposition. Fig. 3 shows a retort for fixed-gas generation and attachedburners that are adapted to generate steam in a locomotivetiue boiler,the view being a section through longitudinal center of the boiler. Fig.4t is a front elevation in section ofthe device shown in side elevationin Fig. 3, taken on the broken line a: a: a: in said Fig. 3. Figs. 5 and6 are enlarged details of the burners and their connections to theretort shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 7 is an enlarged side view of thespraynozzle end of the water and oil feed pipes shown in Figs. 3 and 4.Fig. 8 is a top plan view of the retort and burners shown in Figs. 3 and4. Fig. 9 is a top plan view of retort and burners shown in Figs. l and2, burners being in cross-section taken on the lines .e z, Fig. 1. Fig.l0 is a side elevation in section of a vertical tubular boiler, showingan adapted form of the retort and burners substantially like the retortand burners exhibited in Figs. l and 2. Fig. 1l represents a top planview of the retort and burners shown in Fig. l0.

In Figs. l and 2, A represents the gas-gen-- contour to suit the shapeof the firebox or combustion-chamberin which it is to be placed. Theshell of the retort is made of metal, either cast into form or of sheetsof proper thickness bentinto form and secured together to produce atight hollow box or chamber of proper size tosuitthewantsoftheserviceitisdesigned to render. It is essential that thetop and bottom sides, k, ofthe retort be made parallel to each other,and from their position in the combustion-chamber ofaboiler,waterheater, orrange lie in nearly a horizontal-position. Thetop and bottom walls, k, of the retort A are perforated at spacedintervals to accommodate a series of Vertical lines, c, whichmay eitherbe made integral with the retort, ifit is made of cast metal, or beinserted and securely fixed in place to produce gas-tight joints wherethe -ends of the flue connect with the retort-walls.

The side surfaces of the retort A are perforated at intervals for thereception of thelateral projecting nipples h o f the burner-pipes C. Theburner-pipes C have diminished jetorices p made through the centers oftheir upper threaded ends, which receive and support the upright gasvand air receiving pipes D, that have enlarged discharge-nozzles D'formed at their free upper ends. (See Figs. l and 2.) The nipples h ofpipes C are perforated at t to afford discharge-passages for gas that isgenerated in the retort A into the pipes C. The pipes D areprovided withoriiices a just above the jet-orificesp, to allow air to enter thesepipes and mix with the gas that forcibly escapes from the jet-holes p,thus producing an aero-gaseous vapor which will ex,

pand and burn at the discharge-nozzle D if lighted.

The gas that is evolved in the retort A is composed of liquidhydrocarbon, preferably coal-oiland water. These liquids are supplied ingraduated quantities to the retort through the feedingpipes P P', whichare conduits that lead from proper tanks or reservoirs (not shown) andcommunicate with the retort A. preferably, in this case, attached to thetop 7c of the retort-shell. Valves S and T are provided to regulate thefeed of the water and oil into the retort in such proportionate quantityas to obtain the bests results. Two of the pipes C, at opposite points,(see Fig. 2.) are downwardly projected to attach to curved pipes C at e,thus forming a continuous pipe below the retort A, which is tapped aboutmidway between the two vertical pipes C on its top surface to receivethe threaded end of the tubular shank B of the burner B. The head of theburner B is an elongated chamber open on its upper side. It is filledwith an incombustible fibrous material, such as asbestus wool, and has acoarse screen-wire cover, b', placed upon the wool to retain it inplace. The shank B of the burner B is perforated through its side wallat m to allow air to enter in proper volume to mix with the gas thatissues from the jet-orifice p', which is centrally formed in the solidbase walll of this hollow extends around the head of the burner B, and

is intended to prevent any escape of heat-cur rents laterally. Thisisimportant in this form of the gas generating and consuming device. Ifanascending column of vitiated airis allowed to rise to the air-inlets aof the mixing-pipes A, there would be an insufficient supply of oxygento mix with the hydrocarbon gas that issues from the jet-hole p, and asmoky llame would issue from the top of the nozzles D. The gas at thejet-nozzles would also be liable to catch re from the burner B, and thusprevent the proper operation of the device.

The top edge of the retort A is extended upwardly to produce a iiue ordraft pipe, F; (See Figs. 1 and 2.) The pipe F is designed to conductthe products of combustion that escape from the iiues c upwardly andprevent the carbonio-acid gas thus evolved from mix ing with atmosphericair that enters the inlet-orifices c, as such a mixture would vitiatethe air and prevent proper combustion of the aerogaseous mixture at thenozzles D of the burners.

In operation the cock r in the oil-feed pipe b is opened to allow theasbestus wool in the head of the burner B to become saturated with oil.This is ignited and the flame from it will draw up through the fines c.As the walls of the ret-ort A and lines are comparatively thin, theretort will soon become hot enough to vaporize oil. The oil valve S,which is made to permit exact adjustment ot' the same, so as to regulatethe passage of oil through it, is now opened slightly to allow a littleoil to escape into the retort A. The Contact of the oil with the hotretort will vaporize it,and this vapor will mix with air and burn at thehead of burner B, adding its heat to that of the oil with which theasbestus wool was soaked. The aero-carbon mixture may now be lighted atthe top of the nozzle D. The remainder of the oil that was used to startthe processor gas-generati'on--will be speedily burned out, and the heatof the aero-carbon vapor will render the retort redhot. be allowed totrickle into the retort. This will instantly be vaporized andsuperheated steam be produced by contact with the redhot retort liuesand walls. The carbon vapor that is being produced in the retort willcome in contact with the snperheated steam and a de composition andrecomposition will take place, as the carbon of the oil will combinewith the oxygen of the steam, dissociating the steam Water should nowand freeing the hydrogen, which latter gas will assimilate with thecarbon vapor also, and by combining with it a hydrocarbon gas isproduced. The carbonio oxide that is the result of the combination ofthe carbon and oxygen will mix with the hydrocarbon gas andahomogeneouscomposite fixed gas will result, that will combine with proper volumesof air in the mixing-pipes D of the burners, and the aerogaseous fuelwill burn with a blue smokeless llame at the nozzles D. The burner Bwill furnish heat to continue the evolution of gas as long as the properamounts of oil and water are supplied to the retort A, and it isapparent that if necessary more than one of the burners B may be affixedto similar feeding gaspipes, C', to increase the heat below and throughthe retort A.

The provision of the vertical fines c is one of the most essentialfeatures of this invention, as by their use the heating-surface of theretort is greatly increased and a through-draft permitted, so that theretort is speedily heated and kept hot. The spraying into theyretort ofthe oil and water does not affect a lowering of this heat, and ageneration of gas in volume is assured by the construction justdescribed. t A bracket, G, is provided by which the retort A may besecured in place in a combustion-chamber in which it is to be used. Afoot or base plate, G', is also furnished, that projects laterally fromthe lower surface of the pipe Cr to afford a support for the device. Thebase plateG' rests generally on a cross-bar or other proper support in acombustion-cham ber of a boiler, Carheater, or range, as the case maybe.

In Figs. 3 and 4t a form of the retort and attached burners is shown,that is adapted to suit the service as a heat-producer for a locomotiverebox boiler. In the side elevation represented in Fig. 3 the retort Ais shown provided with vertical dues c and burnerpipes O andburner-nozzles O,tl1at are adapted to heat the iiues w and crown-sheet Jof the boiler It. r)he retort A is furnished with heating-burners H, thenozzles d of which are located below said retort to discharge asmokeless ilame resulting from a combustion of the aero-gaseous fuelupon the lower wall,k, of the retort and through the flues c of thesame. The air-pipesd2 d3 of the burners H d and O O are extended belowthe grate I of the boiler E, so as to furnish pure air to the burnerswhen gas-generation is to be started.

The form of the gas-nozzles m nof the burners is shown in Figs. 5 and 6,they being intended to project small jets of gas upwardly in the centerof the vertical pipes O H, this gas drawing air from the lower end ofthe pipes to mix with it and burn at the nozzlesd and O'.

The oil and water feed pipes V are provid ed with spray-nozzles N, (seeFig. 7,) which are placed in the retort A, preferably upon oppositesides of the same, and ythe feeding of oil and water into the retort isregulated by the valves n. (See Fig. 4.) In operating this form ofretort and burners a light wood fire is started first upon the grates Ito heat the retort, and when it is sufficiently heated the oil and waterfeeding is established, the same as in the form shown in Figs. l and 2.In this case the air is drawn from below the grate-bars I; hence askirt-plate and heat-conductor pipe such as is shown in Figs. I and 2may be dispensed with, and the retort be heated with an ordinary lighttire in place of oil.

In Figs. 10 and Il a modified form of the. retort is shown that isadapted to suit the tirebox of a vertical due-boiler. The retort A isprovided with dues c, but its shell is made cylindrical. Theburner-pipes are afiixed to the side ofthe cylindrical shell of theretortl and extend upwardly to throw the heat of their burner-nozzles Dupon the lower rluesheet and up through the iiues of the boiler R. Theoil and water pipes I? Psupply the retort with these fluids, and thevalves S S in these pipes regulate the feed. The pipes G depend from thesides of the retort A and supply the burner B with gas that is mixedwith air, which enters the oriiices mmade in the upright hollow shank B'of said burner. In fact, this retort and burners are substantially thesame as the devices shown in Figs. I and 2, the changes made being inthe forni of the shell of the retort and the manner of attachment of theburner-pipes, the generation of gas being started by use of oil fed tothe burner B by the oil-pipe b in manner same as previously described.

If it is desired to utilize the gas produced in the retort A (sce Fig.l) for purposes of illumination as well as heating water or cooking,this may be effected by prolonging the ISO pipe o', that is attached tothe outlet o, made at the base of the burner-pipe D, and that isopposite the gas-outlett of the retort A. The pipe o may be suitablyextended to a desired point for combustion of the gas as an illuminator.

Having full y described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-` 1. The combination, with a retort the topand bottom walls of which are parallel and lie nearly in a horizontalplane when in use, a series of lines secured in these top and bottomwalls, a series of burners connected to the side walls of the retortthat are adapted to burn mixed gas and air, the gas being generated fromoil and water in the retort, an oil-feeding pipe that is connected tothe retort, a watersupply pipe attached to the retort,and valves tocontrol oil and water feed, of a burner that is connected to theretort-shell and is located below it, which is supplied with gasgenerated in the retort, and that consumes air mixed with gas to heatthe retort, and protecting devices attached to the retort that preventthe air which enters the side burners from being vitiated by theproducts of combustion of the lower burner that heats the retort,substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with a metallic retortshell the top and bottom wallsof whiehfare parallel and lie in' a nearly-horizoutal position when iuuse, a series of vertical fiues secured to the top and bottom wallsofthe retort, a series of burners connected to the side Walls of theretort that are adapted to burn mixed gas and air, the gas beinggenerated as consumed from oil and water introduced into the retort, auoil-feeding pipe, a water-supply pipe, and valves to control the feed ofoil and water to the retort, of a set of burners that are counected tothe retort and are located below it to throw flame through its ues, andwhich are formed to mix and burn air and gas, the gas being generated inthe retort as it is used, an 2o oil-feed pipe that feeds oil as a fuelto start the generation of gas, and protecting devices attached to theretort that protect the air Which enters the side burners from beingVitiated by the rareed products of combustion thrown off 25 by the lowerburners that heat the retort, substantially as set forth. Y

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM l?. PATTON.

Vitnesses:

EDWIN I. NOTTINGHAM, S. G. NOTTINGHAM.

